What the umpire does
Under the appraisal provision found in Minnesota property policies, each side names an appraiser and those two appraisers select an umpire. If the appraisers agree on the amount of loss, no umpire decision is needed. If they cannot, the umpire reviews the disputed items and joins one appraiser, or crafts a middle position, so that two of the three sign an award. An insurance appraisal umpire does not advocate for either party.
Neutrality comes first
When we are asked to serve as umpire, we disclose any prior working relationship with either appraiser, the insurer, or the policyholder. If a conflict exists, we decline. Once accepted, we do not accept engagement from either side on the same loss.
What we will not do
- Coach either appraiser on how to strengthen their position
- Discuss the claim privately with one side without the other being informed
- Decide coverage questions, which remain for the courts
How an umpire engagement typically runs
- Appointment. The two appraisers agree on the umpire in writing, or a court appoints one on request of either party if the policy or statute allows.
- Submissions. Each appraiser provides an estimate, photos and a list of disputed items with supporting material.
- Inspection. The umpire inspects the property, usually with both appraisers present.
- Clarification. Where a point is unclear, the umpire may ask both appraisers questions in writing or at a joint meeting.
- Decision. The umpire reviews each item and works toward a signed award with at least one appraiser.
| Disputed item (illustrative) | Appraiser A | Appraiser B | Umpire |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roof replacement | Full | Repair only | Full |
| Siding matching | Four sides | One side | Two sides |
| Overhead and profit | Yes | No | Yes |
This table is illustrative only and does not describe any real panel decision.
What makes a submission useful
Umpires decide faster and more accurately when each appraiser narrows the dispute first. The most useful submissions list only the items still in disagreement, give each side’s quantity and price, and attach the photos or measurements that support the position. Long narratives and duplicated estimates slow things down. We ask both appraisers for an itemized comparison at the start, and we share our questions with both sides so neither is surprised. This keeps the process transparent and helps the final award reflect the evidence rather than the volume of paper.
Causation on the panel
Disputes often turn on whether certain damage was caused by the covered event or by something else, such as wear or an earlier storm. The Minnesota Supreme Court’s 2012 decision in Quade v. Secura Insurance recognized that appraisers can consider cause when it is part of determining the amount of loss. An insurance appraisal umpire working in Minnesota should understand that framework while leaving genuine coverage questions to the courts.
Requesting umpire services
Because umpires are often needed after large storms, availability can tighten in busy seasons. Reaching out early, even before the appraisers have finished their own comparison, lets us confirm conflicts and plan an inspection date that works for everyone.
Appraisers on either side, or both together, can contact Minnesota Insurance Appraiser to check availability and conflicts. Please include the property address, the policyholder and insurer names, and both appraisers’ names so we can run a conflict check. Learn more about the overall process in the appraisal process guide or get in touch.
Frequently asked questions
Can a policyholder contact you directly about umpire services?
Yes, but appointment normally comes from both appraisers jointly or from a court. We will not take on the umpire role if we have advised either side on the same loss.
What does an umpire cost?
Umpire fees vary by the size and complexity of the claim. Many policies split the umpire’s fee equally between the insured and the insurer.
Is the umpire’s decision final?
An award signed by any two of the three panel members generally sets the amount of loss. Challenges to an award are limited and are legal matters.